A classic literary study by Helmut Ritter examining metaphor, imagery, and poetic imagination in the works of Niẓāmī, approached through historical and comparative analysis.
The Imaginative Language of Niẓāmī is a seminal study by Helmut Ritter, one of the most distinguished German Iranologists of the first half of the twentieth century. The book consists of an introduction and five chapters, focusing primarily on the function and modes of metaphorical expression in the poetry of Niẓāmī Ganjavī.
Ritter adopts a historical and comparative approach, drawing examples not only from Persian literature but also from German and Arabic literary traditions in order to clarify Niẓāmī’s poetic techniques. In keeping with the scholarly conventions of Ritter’s time, the opening chapter discusses the subtleties of simile and metaphor in Persian literature, with particular attention to imagery drawn from nature. The subsequent three chapters explore the relationship between the human being and poetry, illuminating how poetic imagination shapes meaning and experience in Niẓāmī’s works. The study remains a foundational reference for understanding metaphor and imagination in classical Persian poetry.
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