Original Title: Taghyīrāt va taraqqiyāt dar waẓʿ va ḥarakat va musāfarat va ḥaml-i ashiyāʾ va favāʾid-i rāh-āhan
A late-Qajar treatise by Muḥammad Kāshif, written after exposure to European scientific and industrial progress. It explains how modern transportation—especially railways—can contribute to national development and social improvement.
Persian Title: تغییرات و ترقیّات در وضع و حرکت و مسافرت و حمل اشیاء و فواید راهآهن
Transliterated Title:Taghyīrāt va taraqqiyāt dar waẓʿ va ḥarakat va musāfarat va ḥaml-i ashiyāʾ va favāʾid-i rāh-āhan
English Title:Changes and Developments in Transport, Movement, Travel, and the Benefits of Railways
Author: Muḥammad Kāshif (13th century A.H. / 19th century C.E.)
Editor: Muḥammad-Javād Ṣāḥibī
Language: Persian
ISBN: 964-5548-29-2
Publication Year: 1994 (1373 A.H.)
Pages: 122
Format: PDF
Category: Science and Technology
Miras Maktoob Collection Code: 005
【Summary】
The author, a well-known intellectual of the late Qajar period, wrote this treatise after encountering European scientific progress. The book explains new ideas about transportation, movement of goods, and travel, with special focus on the advantages of railways for economic and social development. It reflects the author’s concern for modernization, industrial growth, and national independence. The work also helps us understand the scientific spirit and reformist thinking of Iranian scholars during this transitional era.
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